Audio lingual Method

What is Listening Comprehension? Refers to the understanding of the
implications and explicit meanings of words and sentences of spoken language.

What is Oral Expression? Oral expression is the ability to convey wants, needs,
thoughts, and ideas meaningfully using appropriate syntactic, grammatical,
semantic, and phonological language structures.

Strategies to develop Listening Skill

Top-down strategies are listener based; the listener taps into background
knowledge of the topic, the situation or context, the type of text, and the language.
This background knowledge activates a set of expectations that help the listener to
interpret what is heard and anticipate what will come next. Top-down strategies
include

•  Listening for the main idea.
•  Predicting.
•  Drawing inferences.
•  summarizing.

Bottom-up strategies are text based; the listener relies on the language in the
message, that is, the combination of sounds, words, and grammar that creates
meaning. Bottom-up strategies include

•  Listening for specific details.
•  Recognizing cognates.
•  Recognizing word-order patterns.

The Audiolingual Method is a method of foreign or second language teaching
which emphasizes the teaching of speaking and listening before reading and

writing.

The principal procedures in an audio-lingual class are:
• Students hear a model dialogue.
• Repeat each line of the dialogue.
• Certain key words or phrase may be changed in the dialogue.

• Key structures from the dialogue serve as the basic for pattern drill of
different kinds.
• The students practices substitutions in the pattern drills.
Some techniques are:
• Dialog Memorization: Students memorize an opening dialog using mimicry
and applied role-playing
• Backward Build-up Expansion Drill: Teacher breaks a line into several parts,
students repeat each part starting at the end of the sentence and "expanding"
backwards through the sentence, adding each part in sequence
• Repetition Drill: Students repeat teacher's model as quickly and accurately
as possible.
• Chain Drill: Students ask and answer each other one-by- one in a circular
chain around the classroom.
• Single-slot Substitution Drill: Teacher states a line from the dialog, then uses
a word or a phrase as a "cue" that students, when repeating the line, must
substitute into the sentence in the correct place.
• Multiple-slot Substitution Drill: Same as the Single Slot drill, except that
there are multiple cues to be substituted into the line.
• Transformation Drill: The teacher gives students a certain kind of sentence
pattern.

• Question and Answer Drill: The students should answer the teacher
questions quickly
• Use of Minimal Pairs: Using contrastive analysis, teacher selects a pair of
words that sound identical except for a single sound that typically poses difficulty
for the learners - students are to pronounce and differentiate the two words.
• Complete the Dialog: Selected words are erased from a line in the dialog -
students must find and insert.
• Grammar Game: Various games designed to practice a grammar point in
context, using lots of repetition.